Understanding Florida Workers' Compensation Courts

Florida's Unique Workers' Compensation Court System

Florida handles workers' compensation disputes in specialized courts that are part of the state's circuit courts, not a separate administrative agency. These courts have exclusive jurisdiction over claims, meaning plaintiffs must file in the appropriate circuit court rather than a labor board, which differs from many states that use administrative tribunals.

Where to File a Claim

The claim is filed in the circuit court of the county where the injury occurred or where the employer's principal place of business is located. The filing fee varies by county but generally ranges from $30 to $150. After filing, the court assigns a case number and sets a mandatory 30‑day deadline for the employer to submit a First Report of Injury.

Key Procedural Steps

1. Initial Claim Submission: Employee submits a claim form to the employer, who then files a First Report of Injury with the court.

2. Medical Evaluation: The court may order an independent medical examination to resolve disputes over the extent of injury.

3. Pre‑Trial Conference: Both parties meet with a judge to discuss settlement possibilities and narrow issues.

4. Trial: If settlement fails, the case proceeds to a bench trial; juries are not used in workers' compensation cases in Florida.

Benefits and Compensation Limits

Florida caps temporary total disability benefits at 66⅔% of the employee's average weekly wage, up to a statutory maximum that is adjusted annually. Permanent disability awards are based on a schedule of injuries, and death benefits are paid to designated beneficiaries.

Appeals Process

Decisions can be appealed to the Florida District Courts of Appeal within 30 days of the judgment. The appellate review focuses on legal errors rather than re‑examining factual evidence.

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